Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s, including the Great Depression, led to the rise of militarism, nationalism and totalitarianism as embodied in the Showa Statism ideology, eventually culminating in Japan's membership in the Axis alliance and the conquest of a large part of the Asia-Pacific in World War II. All of these aspects contributed to Japan's emergence as a great power following the First Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I. Under the slogans of fukoku kyōhei and shokusan kōgyō, following the Boshin War and restoration of power to the Emperor from the Shogun, Japan underwent a period of industrialization and militarization, the Meiji Restoration, which is often regarded as the fastest modernisation of any country to date. In 1945, in compliance with the Potsdam Declaration of the victorious Allies, Japanese de facto territory only remained the Japanese archipelago as it is today. South Seas Mandate was single Japanese dependent territory in the name of the League of Nations. From 29 August 1910 when Korea was annexed until 2 September 1945, the empire administered the naichi ( Japanese archipelago and post-1943 Karafuto) and gaichi ( Korea, Taiwan, Kwantung Leased Territory, and the pre-1943 Karafuto). The Empire of Japan, also known as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was a historical nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post–World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent formation of modern Japan.
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